Substance Use Incurring Violence Starts Here: Health Care Needs and Costs for Children Exposed to Prenatal Substance Use to Adulthood
Importance Children exposed to substance use during pregnancy have increased health needs but whether these are influenced by engagement in out-of-home care is uncertain. Objective: To evaluate the association between substance use during pregnancy, out-of-home care and hospitalization utilization, and costs from birth up to age 20 years. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a