Recent research highlights the surprising similarities between smoking and vaping concerning their impact on DNA, challenging the notion that vaping is a safer alternative to smoking. The study, conducted by researchers at the University of Southern California (USC), provides critical insights into how both habits can lead to harmful genetic changes that may contribute to disease development, including cancer.
Study on DNA Methylation: The study focused on DNA methylation, a process that acts as an on/off switch for genes. Researchers examined the genomes of young adults who were either exclusive smokers, vapers, or neither. Using high-tech gene sequencing on cheek swab samples, the study identified 831 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the genomes of vapers and 2,863 in smokers. Remarkably, there was a 46% overlap in DMRs between smokers and vapers, suggesting similar genetic alterations occur in both groups.
Implications for Public Health: The findings have profound implications for public health, especially regarding the regulation of vaping products. “These findings indicate that the changes in DNA methylation observed in vapers may contribute to the development of disease, including cancer,” said Stella Tommasi, the study’s lead author and an associate professor at USC. The research underscores the need to keep vaping products away from young people, who are particularly vulnerable to these genetic changes.
The Role of the HIC1 Gene: A significant discovery from the study was the identification of a methylation change in the HIC1 gene, a known tumour suppressor. Changes in this gene have long been associated with lung cancer, indicating that similar carcinogenic processes may occur in young adults who vape. “Electronic cigarettes are not as safe as some people claim, even if the level of most toxicants and carcinogens present in e-liquid and vapour is generally much lower than that found in cigarette smoke,” Tommasi noted. This finding could significantly boost research efforts into understanding the health risks of vaping.
Comparison Between Smokers and Vapers: The study provides a detailed comparison of the genetic impacts of smoking and vaping. While smoking has a more extensive array of identified DMRs, the genetic overlap with vaping suggests that both practices can lead to similar unhealthy changes in DNA. This overlap challenges the perception that vaping is a harmless alternative, emphasising the need for caution and further research into its long-term health effects.
Potential Health Risks Associated with Vaping: The research highlights that vaping may not be the safe alternative it is often portrayed as, given its potential to cause similar genetic changes associated with smoking-related diseases. The methylation changes observed in both vapers and smokers could drive disease development, raising concerns about the long-term health implications for young users who may be unaware of these risks.
The study’s insights into DNA methylation underline the importance of informed public health strategies to address the risks associated with vaping and smoking. As vaping gains popularity among young adults, understanding its genetic impacts is crucial for shaping effective health policies and prevention programs.
(Source: US News)
