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“Vaping can effect your whole life – not just your lungs.”
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{{/_source.additionalInfo}}“Vaping can effect your whole life – not just your lungs.”
Vaping renders immune cells unable to move to meet threats
Even moderate exposure to nicotine-free vapour causes suppression of neutrophil’s typical activity.
Inhaling vapour from an e-cigarette may be stopping frontline immune cells from working typically, as a new study shows that even moderate smoke exposure suppresses cell activity.
The findings are published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and suggest that inhaling e-cigarette smoke could be damaging neutrophils, the first line of defence the human immune system has. The findings are important as previous research has shown that damage caused to neutrophil by cigarette smoking can lead to long-term lung damage.
Researchers from the University of Birmingham took blood samples from healthy donors who had never smoked or vaped. The team then exposed neutrophils taken from the blood to 40 puffs of unflavoured vape, which previous studies have shown is a low daily exposure; with half of the samples were exposed to nicotine-containing vapour while the rest to nicotine-free alternatives.
E-cigarettes are a proven, lower-harm, tool to help smokers quit smoking but our data adds to current evidence that e-cigarettes are not harmless and highlights the need to fund longer-term studies in vapers.
Dr Aaron Scott, Associate Professor in Respiratory Science at the University of Birmingham
Results of the tests showed that in both the nicotine and non-nicotine groups, the neutrophils remained alive but were stuck in place, rendering them incapable of effectively tackling threats to the body.
Further experiments with neutrophils exposed to e-cigarette vapour suggest a build-up of a microfilament within the cells which are unable to re-arrange themselves properly is driving the suppression of the cells normal function.
Actin is usually found as small filaments within cells and rearrange themselves into a network to help a cell change its shape. This function is used by neutrophils so that they can move towards and surround threats to destroy them.
Who knew? We all knew, but we continue to follow Big Alcohol and Big Cannabis narratives that have either coercively or seductively lead to concealment of growing harms, not least accidents beyond the road toll. Permission models always drive demand, and when that demand leads to mixing and increasing use of psychotropic toxins, you get more and more of this damage. #PublicHealthMatters #cannabisindustry #alcoholawareness
Prevalence of alcohol and other drug detections in non-transport injury events
Key findings
(Source: Emergency Medicine Australia)
Also see
Xylazine is a nonopioid sedative that is not approved for human use and which has no known antidote. It can cause central nervous system depression, respiratory depression, bradycardia and hypotension in humans.
The report concluded that there is a need for routine testing for xylazine in suspected deaths. In addition, more research is needed into the drug’s potency and effect on humans to reach a full understanding of risk and to guide prevention efforts. (Complete article (addictionpolicy.org)
Also see
Challenges in Identifying Novel Psychoactive Substances and a Stronger Path Forward
The Ongoing Fentanyl Firestorm and the Unhelpful Gagging of Policy & Practice Possibilities
Alcohol, substance misuse causes brain changes, reducing 'cognitive flexibility'
“Cognitive flexibility is a complex phenomenon that typically refers to the ability to shift one’s mental focus and adapt to new obstacles, goals, and patterns. Being able to think and act effectively in response to changes in stimuli, environments, and surprises signifies a healthy level of cognitive flexibility. Cognitive flexibility is important because our environment is rapidly changing, and when our thinking patterns remain rigid and fixed, we become unable to adapt to our environment.”
“In this study, we see how some of that switch between impulsivity and compulsivity takes place — neurons are sending signals to release high levels of dopamine, which then inhibits other deep structures that enforce cognitive flexibility. As this cycle of behavioral abuse continues, the structures continue to inhibit cognitive flexibility, thus leading to a negative feedback loop,” Spielberg added.